Disk Management In Operating System

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 Disk Management  Disk is a secondary storage device that is used to store data.  The external devices such as hard disk, magnetic disks and floppy disks stores data in the sectors.  These devices provide the data to user programs by means of I/O requests.  Disk Management is an important function of operating system and includes disk buffering and management of swap area and disk cache.  Disk Structure  Disks provide a means to store a large amount of information for modern computer.  A disk is usually divided into tracks, cylinder and sectors.  Below fig shows the various components of a disk system.  Data is stored on a series of magnetic disks called platters. These disks are connected by a common spindle that spins at very high speed (some spindle rotate at speeds of 3600 revolutions per minute).  The two surfaces of a platter are covered with a magnetic material similar to that on a magnetic tape. Information is recorded mag...
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Some basic information of Kabaddi

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History / Introduction  

Kabaddi is a game of Indian origin. It is played in many forms. National style kabaddi is the most played game at national level and is recognised at international level. In 1990 Asian games, National style kabaddi was permanently included. After that, India has continuously won gold medals in all the Asian games. 

Latest Rules of Kabaddi 

General rules of Match :

1. Each team has 12 players. 7 players will play in ground at a time. 
2. The duration of the match for men and junior boys is two halves of 20 minutes each and for women, junior girls and sub junior boys and girls is two halves of 15 minutes each. There is a half time of 5 minutes after each half. 
3. The courts are exchanged after half time. 
4. A team gets a point on getting the opposite player out. The team getting Lona gets 2 additional points. 
5. The team with maximum number of points at end is declared as winner. 
6. If the match is not completed due to any reason, the match is played again. 
7. Doping is not allowed. 
8. Player can not use any type of oil or any such substance on his body. 
9. No player besides captain of team can give advice during the match. A captain can advise only in his own court. 
10. Bonus line : the line drawn at a distance of 1 m from baulk line to end line is called as bonus line. The objectives of this line are as follows :
(a) The raider is given one point on crossing the bonus line. 
(b) No player is declared as alive on getting bonus point. 
(c) If each team has 5 or less than 5 players in the playing court, the rule of bonus line does not apply. 
(d) if the raiders is caught after crossing the bonus line, he is considered as out and the opposite team gets one point. 
(e) if the raider reaches his court safely after crossing the the bonus line and touching one and more players, then he is given as the extra bonus point in addition to the points scored. 
11. The refree or the umpire can use the following cards to punish the players :
(i) warning - green card 
(ii) to suspend from the match for two minutes - yellow card 
(iii) to expel from match - red card 

Ground of Kabaddi 



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