Disk Management In Operating System

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 Disk Management  Disk is a secondary storage device that is used to store data.  The external devices such as hard disk, magnetic disks and floppy disks stores data in the sectors.  These devices provide the data to user programs by means of I/O requests.  Disk Management is an important function of operating system and includes disk buffering and management of swap area and disk cache.  Disk Structure  Disks provide a means to store a large amount of information for modern computer.  A disk is usually divided into tracks, cylinder and sectors.  Below fig shows the various components of a disk system.  Data is stored on a series of magnetic disks called platters. These disks are connected by a common spindle that spins at very high speed (some spindle rotate at speeds of 3600 revolutions per minute).  The two surfaces of a platter are covered with a magnetic material similar to that on a magnetic tape. Information is recorded mag...
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Some basic information of Kho - Kho

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 History / Introduction 

Kho - Kho is a Indian game and is popular in whole of the country. It was started at Pune gymkhana in Maharastra. It has played important roles in different national, inter University Junior national and school national competition. In india this institutions is called as Kho-Kho Federation of India (KKFI). It has its branches in whole of the country to take care of development of sport. The first national competition for boys was held in 1960 and for girls it was held in 1961. A demonstration of Kho - Kho match was presented in Asian games, 1982 which were held in New Delhi, but it has not been included in Asian games so far. 

Latest Rules of Kho - Kho :

1. Each team has 12 players, out of which 9 play and 3 are substitute. 

2. In every match every team gets two innings of 9 minutes each. There is an interval of 5 minutes in between them. 

3. Runners will get their names entered with the scorer according to the sequence of their play. First three players will be inside the boundary at the start of innings. Three more will come in when the first three get out before giving of Kho. If they cannot enter at time, they can come in before two Kho, but failing in doing so. They will be declared as out. A player entering without his turn will be considered as out. This sequence will go on till the end of innings. The active chaser who has touched the third player will not follow the new player he will give kho. Each team will send it's runners from only one side of the ground. 

4. Chasers and runner can finish their innings before the fixed time. The umpire declares the innings over only after the request of the captain of the runners team or the chasers team. After that there is a rest of 2 minutes. There is a rest of 5 minutes between the innings. 

5. The chasers team will get a point on every runner getting out. If all the players of a team get out before time a Lona is given against them. After that the team will send their runners in the same sequence. No extra point will be given to get a Lona. The game will continue as such till the end of the innings. The sequence of the runners can change during the innings. 

6. In knock out system,the team which gets maximum score at the end is declared as the winner. If the scores are at par, one more game is played. If the match still remains as draw, a tie breaker rule is used. In that situation it is not necessary, that the teams should have the same players. According to the tie breaker rule, the time of runner is taken, the team with less time is declared as winner. 

In the league system, the winner team get two points. The losing team will get zero point and in case of a tie, both teams will get one point each. The teams will again play the match according to slip system if the league point are same. These matches on knock out system. 

Ground of Kho - Kho :-


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