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 History / Introduction  Swimming is considered as an ancient game. Men must have learnt swimming from animals. Swimming is not only a game but it is a life saver and a major technique in battle field. The first book on swimming was written by Prof. Nicolous of Germany in 1538. The first swimming club was established in 1860. Serpentene club has the honour of being the oldest club. When the Olympic games were restarted in 1896, the men's swimming was included in it. In 1912, the first woman's competition were included in Olympic games. India took part for the first time in swimming competition in the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics. Swimming Association of India was formed in 1940. Swimming was included in the Asian games in 1951 which were held in New Delhi.  Tips to Remember : 1. Length of Swimming pool is 50 metre.  2. Width of the swimming pool is 21 metre to 25 metre.  3. Depth of the swimming pool is more than 1.80 metre.  4. Number of lanes in swimming ...

  * THE SEVEN LAYERS OF OSI MODEL OF MODEL ARE :-  1. Physical Layer  2. Data Link Layer  3. Network Layer  4. Transport Layer  5. Session Layer  6. Presentation Layer  7. Application Layer  1. Physical Layer :-  This is the lowest layer in the model.  This layer is responsible for activating, maintaining and deactivating a physical circuit between two end systems.  It specifies the mechanical (physical) and electrical characteristics of interfaces and connections composing the network.  It deals with mechanical, procedural, electrical and functional characteristics of transmission media. Thus it can be think of as a hardware layer.  The layer exists as chips, network adapters (PCB's) and cables .  The actual data transfer takes place between physical layer of sender and receiver stations.  The physical layer is simply responsible for sending bits (bits are binary 1's and 0's of a digital communication)...

History / Introduction  Bocce Ball has been evolving for thousands of years. The basics of the game can be traced back to games that were played in Egypt around 5000 BC when people first began settling along the Nile Delta. Records dating to the 3rd century BC also show the popularity of a Bocce like game with Roman soldiers. As the Roman Empire spread, this game was introduced throughout the European continent, Asia and North Africa.  Bocce Ball is one of the oldest of all lawn or yard games. It was Giussepi Garibaldi, who, while unifying and nationalizing Italy, popularized the sport as it is known as today. Bocce frequently lost and gained popularity throughout the ages. In 1896, during a resurgence of popularity, the first Bocce Olympied was held in Athens, Greece. Bocce has been a part of international sports ever since.  Bocce has seen many changes throughout the ages. It has evolved from being a crude sport played with rounded rocks, or even coconuts to the mo...

 History / Introduction  Wrestling is an attacking game and it is possibly as old as human beings. In our country, the Wrestling is associated with Bheema, who was a brother of Pandavas.  Wrestling is also known as 'Bhalwani'. It is an ancient game. In this game the players are classified according to weight. It was initially played by men only, but now it is played by women also.  Latest Rules of Wrestling : Start of Bout : Referee stands in the middle of the mat and calls both the wrestler near him. He shakes hands with them and examines their costumes. He also assures that no wrestler should have any lubricant on his body. He examines if their nails are properly cut and they must have a handkerchief.  Then the players shake hands and the Wrestling starts with the whistle of the referee.  End of Bout : The Wrestling ends in following conditions : (i) By fall.  (ii) At the time when a player is injured.  (iii) At the end of time.  The W...

  REFERENCE MODELS OF NETWORK  INTRODUCTION :-  The problem of getting a computer of one brand to accept the data created by another manufacturers machine has confirmed users of these machine since their earlier days.  At that time the only practical way around this barrier was to retype the data from the computer into the second.  This is very time consuming procedure and has the chance of lot of errors.  As the computer proliferated, interfaces or adapters we are inverted that translated one machines code into a from that other could understand altering a variety of computers to be hooked together in a network.  But these interfaces were expensive both in agreegate because a substantial number of them needed to establish a large network, and singly, because each type of computer needed an interface of its own.  As a result there was little opportunity to spread the cost of developing give interfaces by selling many copies of it.  Netwo...

FAQ   Q. 1. What are the protocol used for authentication in PPT?  Ans :-   Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) and challenging handshake authentication Protocol (CHAP) are used for authentication in PPP. PAP in the two step process. The user sends the authentical identification and a password. The system determines the validity of the information sent. CHAP is a three stop process. The system sends a value to user. The user manipulates the value and sends its result. The system verifies the result.  Q. 2. How is repeater different from Amplifier?  Ans :-  Repeater in a device that operates on only the physical layer of OSI model. Its purpose is to regenerate two single but in comparison amplifier amplify the signal. When the amplifier receives the single (weak or corrupted) it tries to create a copy bit for bit at the original strength.  Q. 3. What are the function of Bridge?  Ans :-  Bridge operates on both physical and da...